The People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) expansive and aggressive cyber program presents the most sophisticated and active state cyber threat to Canada today. The PRC conducts cyber operations against Canadian interests to serve high-level political and commercial objectives, including espionage, intellectual property (IP) theft, malign influence, and transnational repression. Among our adversaries, the PRC cyber program’s scale, tradecraft, and ambitions in cyberspace are second to none.

Russia’s cyber program furthers Moscow’s ambitions to confront and destabilize Canada and our allies. Canada is very likely a valuable espionage target for Russian state-sponsored cyber threat actors, including through supply chain compromises, given Canada’s membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, support for Ukraine against Russian aggression, and presence in the Arctic. Pro-Russia non-state actors, some of which we assess likely have links to the Russian government, are targeting Canada in an attempt to influence our foreign policy

In 2000 did a revue of Richard Powers book on Cyber Crime and much of it is more relevant today, Please like it if you do and subscribe and share if you care,